Wednesday, October 30, 2019

How to make life meaningful Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How to make life meaningful - Essay Example Since the stated goals of positive psychology are to create thriving people and lead to a more fulfilling life, the interests of positive psychology are no longer treating people with disorders or illness but making the life of a normal person more fulfilling and flourishing. Hence, the mission statement of positive psychology accompanies the act of pursuing a meaningful life. The mission statement states: A Meaningful life is connected to positive functioning: work enjoyment, satisfaction in life, hope, general positive effect as well as happiness and a higher degree of well-being. Research has demonstrated that people have a propensity to create stories as a means of understanding occurrences in life with a life story being a means of imposing meaning on life and therefore connecting people to occurrences (Loewenstein 46). In regards to the manner in which meaning in demonstrated, understanding loss appears as more important during the adjustment process subsequent to the loss while recognizing the benefits may be a more long-term process that takes place over time with the biggest benefits becoming evident later on. There is a consensus that individuals should remain true to what matters and themselves in order to get a meaningful life (Baumeister and Bushman 435). Various strategies exist that can be used by individuals to uncover their true selves and identify and challenge their obstacles that hinder them from seeking their dreams. Three significant steps towards making life meaningful include: For most of the people, simply understanding who they are is a challenging endeavor and based in research that has been conducted previously, approximately forty percent of all the people in America have not yet identified a sense of purpose as far as their lives are concerned. It can be easy to tell people to live life on their own terms, but if they have not been able to identify their own terms, they may develop the feeling that they are drifting

Monday, October 28, 2019

The biblical banners Essay Example for Free

The biblical banners Essay In this New York Times article, â€Å"In Texas, a Legal Battle Over Biblical Banners†, Manny Fernandez, a metro reporter, argues whether biblical banners should be allowed or banned due to the law. He develops the claim by first providing details about how Mr. Weldon’s community got enraged. Then he provides information saying Weldon banned the biblical banners out of concern that the signs were unlawful and amounted to school sanctioned religious expression. Towards the end, Fernandez points out that the case centers on whether the banners amount to private speech protected by state and federal law or government sponsored speech that can be regulated and censored. Fernandez’s purpose is to answer the reader’s question about biblical banners and if the should be allowed in order to educate the public and provide knowledge about the situation at hand. He establishes an informative tone for concerned citizens who may want or be against biblical banners. Fernandez provides the reader with facts and statistics, for example in paragraph 4, â€Å"the district received a letter from the Freedom From Religion Foundation, a Wisconsin based group of atheists and agnostics.† The effect of such details serves to lend credibility to the author’s assertions since it is impossible to argue with the facts. In addition, negative diction in paragraph 7 conveys a negative feeling towards the banners and the marquee outside a church. Finally, the use of biblical allusions throughout the article is used to defend the use of biblical banners. This work is significant because it challenges and reminds us all to be aware of aberrant issues regarding biblical banners.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Hemingway & the Crack-Up Report :: Fitzgerald Hemingway Essays

Hemingway & the â€Å"Crack-Up† Report Works Cited Missing Between 1935 and 1936, F. Scott Fitzgerald suffered a mental breakdown, which would be referred to as the â€Å"Crack-Up.† Many things precipitated this meltdown including tuberculosis, alcoholism, Zelda’s deteriorating condition, and â€Å"his [troubled] sense of himself as a man† (Donaldson 189). During this period, Fitzgerald had been advised by his doctors to take time off work for the sake of his health. Heeding their advice, he decided to relocate to western North Carolina, most notably, Hendersonville, for some fresh mountain air. His confessional â€Å"Crack-Up† essays were first published in Esquire Magazine in November 1935. The most well known essays were â€Å"The Crack-Up†, â€Å"Pasting It Together,† and â€Å"Handle with Care,† published in February, March and April of 1936 (www.sc.edu/fitzgerald/facts/facts1.html). These essays were touted as being candid, with the intention of ‘exploring Fitzgerald’s â€Å"dark night of the soul†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Donaldson 194). In fact, much of the truth is omitted; Zelda’s illness is not mentioned as a possible factor, and the role of drinking is not credited as a part of Fitzgerald’s increasingly serious problem. The most powerful and literary part of his essays is his compelling use of metaphor, most markedly in his referral to himself as being â€Å"a cracked plate† (Donaldson 195). Fitzgerald believed that he had no real self, and the Fitzgerald who existed consisted of borrowed personaliti es. His â€Å"intellectual conscience† was derived from Edmund Wilson, and his â€Å"artistic conscience,† from Ernest Hemingway (Donaldson 195). Hemingway disagreed entirely with the way Fitzgerald handled his breakdown. In a letter to Maxwell Perkins, Fitzgerald, Hemingway observed that Fitzgerald, has â€Å"a marvellous talent and the thing is to use it- not whine in public† (Donaldson 196). Hemingway also cited two of Fitzgerald’s other flaws that contributed to his downfall, both mentally and as a writer. First, Fitzgerald was plagued by a lack of courage; second, Fitzgerald never grew up and â€Å"jumped straight from youth to senility without going through manhood† (Donaldson 196). Hemingway never directly wrote to Fitzgerald with criticism. Instead, he more publicly humiliated him in his short story, â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro.† Published in Esquire magazine in August 1936, a passage from the story directly implicates Fitzgerald, [They] were dull and they drank too much, or they played

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Who is responsible for Willy s demise

He cannot accept the fact that he is no longer a successful salesman, that his sons are not successful as Charley son (Bernard), also that he has been unfaithful to the only person who ever loved him no matter what, his wife Linda. His reason to committee suicide may have been influence by the factors in his life that I just mentioned. Wily is the only one who takes actions of desperation and hopeless. It is his hubris, his inflated pride and ambition o consummate the American dream that leads him to his destructive action, his inability to remember the value of his own life.He thinks that he can't longer maintain his families future, and that he is worth more dead than alive. Pressure society also can be blamed for Wily Loan's demise, claiming to be the best of all in the salesman or business world and earning great amounts of money†¦ Wily Leman was just another man stuck with this dream but in some way the salesman or business world took a big part of his life from him. When h e became a salesman at an age around eighteen or nineteen and he dated in this business up to the point of his death, which is the same day he was finally fired by Howard from the company where he was working as a salesman.When he was fired he was at the age of sixty-three this unfortunately happened. This means that he put a greater amount of his life into the salesman world, in the pursuit for richness and respect. Approximately 45 years of his life were spent on pursuit of these things, but unfortunately his pursuit of richness and respect, never have been effective, he wasn't successful at all. Do you think that this is tragic? Of course yes!. But he needed to face the truth of his peripatetic. Perhaps these things are which led him to try committing suicide numerous times in the car by trying to crash and hoping that he dies.Wily was a very unsatisfied and mainly unhappy man, who had lost most part of his hope. How ever Biff is notice to embody everything that Wily admires: he has great personal charisma, is very popular with other boys, is a leader, demonstrates physical strength but not just as a sportsman also in his body image and demonstrates confidence. The allegations between father and son is loving, warm and full of mutual admiration. He'd invested a lot of this hope into his son Biff too, who unfortunately let him down as well.Wily had such high hopes for Biff becoming the success he himself could never achieve, however Wily failed to take into account what his son desired, which was the outdoor American dream. Another reason why Will kills himself is because would be that Biff discovered his affair with the woman, disinterment which ruined Biffs future this made Wily feel in some way painful and miserable because he made Biff to going back to summer school to graduate, also because he was unfair with the only person that actually loves him and care for him, her wife Linda.Wily Leman was a never success The American Dream guaranteed things to Wi ly that he would never have had before. However to achieve to have these things he had to spent his whole life work hard to afford them and not being rewarded for that hard work, it was a factor that led to his end. So who really is to blame for Will's hamster, and can the fault be relied on Charley, Biff, Linda and Howard the nest that through society carried the job to tear apart Will's dream, hopes and his character or personality and eventually his life.As we know that Wily makes his son embody all his negative values that here passed on by Ben to Wily, his sons will also be a failure as Wily. Not so much in the case of Biff but more in the case of Happy. This is because we can notice how Willis temperament and characteristics resembles on to Happy. Happy has the same younger example of what Wily was as when he was growing up. Maybe the reason why Wily treated Happy as he treated him was because his way was the way that Will's father treated him and paid more attention to his el der brother Ben.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Nature and Nature in Cognitive Development Essay

Why are both nature and nurture important in perceptual development? How do both help a baby’s brain and sensory organs to develop? The question of whether nature or nurture is more important in terms of perceptual development has bee long debated. In general, there are two theories that explain how humans develop these perceptions. The Nativists claim that our brains are built or hardwired to recognize certain stimuli by both design and construction. In contrast, an Empiricist would say that we learn through experience how to perceive things. There was an experiment done by Nativist researchers that sought to determine how very young mammals are able to perceive. The data concluded that early infants were able to perceive quite a lot before they really had a chance to learn anything. Gibson and Walk’s the â€Å"visual cliff† experiment was one such experiment, in this test both young animals and 6 month old human infants were taken to a side of a visual cliff, the test subjects would avoid the clearly deep drop. This indicated that children can perceive visual depth and that visual depth dominates even touch information. Additionally, studies have been done that show babies can recognize faces and that they often prefer the visual stimulation of carton faces as opposed to the same features arranged at random. In other tests it was shown that babies can also recognize whether or not and object is coming directly at their face or not. These experiments show that even the undeveloped infant brain has considerable capacity for perceptual capabilities. In contrast, several Empiricists experiments have been done as well. In one such study, scientists sought to determine the effects of depriving developing animals from perceptual stimulations. These tests have consistently shown that the longer the subject is deprived, the more severe the consequences. For example, humans are sometimes born without sight, due to a clouded cornea. Later in life some elect to have surgery to repair this clouded cornea. The result is sight, these people can see but they cannot perceive what it is that they see. As time goes on they slowly learn to distinguish one object from another, but this is however quite easily interrupted. Often changing an objects position or context is quite enough to slow down or prevent recognition. To conclude, although some argue that perception is due to nature, while others argue for nurture, it may in fact be that the two factors are interdependent and rely on each other. Support for this idea comes from an experiment that studied rats and found that those raised in a perceptually restricted environment had smaller brain development than those raised in an enriched environment, suggesting that while we are born with innate capabilities we need the environment to ensure we develop our abilities to perceive well. The perceptual capabilities we have at birth must be strengthened continuously through perceptual stimulation, furthermore, it would seem that perception in general follows the use it or lose it principle. Just as unused muscles become week, so to do our senses if left unused. Nature and nurture are both essential to health y perceptual development; stimulation begins in the womb and quickly follows all the way through adulthood. Sources. â€Å"Nature and Nurture in Perceptual Development. † . www. indiana. edu. Web. 11 Feb 2013. . . â€Å"Experiencing Sensation and Perception. † . physch. hanover. edu. Web. 11 Feb 2013. . Arterberry, M. â€Å"Perceptual Development. † . Colby College. Web. 11 Feb 2013. .

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Analytical Essay Sample on Internet Censorship Key Concerns

Analytical Essay Sample on Internet Censorship Key Concerns Nowadays, Internet is commonly regarded as the most widely used source and the fastest way to exchange information and knowledge all over the world. However, the freedom and democracy on Internet, being one of its greatest beauties and drawing features, is apparently abused by the population online. Pornography and hate literature are commonly used to lure Internet surfers attention and to generate profits. Representing the rights of the public and the power of a country while owning and operating the Internet, the government has the absolute responsibility to censor the internet so as to protect its own citizens from harmful and false information, thus in order to prevent any possible decay of social and moral values, though the extent of Internet censorship should be carefully measured to ensure the freedom of speaking of people. Since the invention of ARPANET in 1962 by the Department of Defenses Advanced Research Project Agency in United States, Internet has developed tremendously during the past half century with the improvement in modern technology with government sponsoring the researching program. It had formerly been made only for military and research purposes, where in 1974, the general public gets its first vague hint of how networked computers can be used in daily life as the commercial version of the ARPANET goes online. Hence it is quite obvious that without the financial investment and political support from the government, Internet, being such a new technological invention at that time would never achieve as great a success as what it has achieved by today; it is apparently wrong to say governments did not build neither did they own the Internet. As a result, being counted as partially a property of the government, Internet should absolutely under governments control. Besides to exchange information and knowledge and to facilitate communication, the most important role of Internet is to enrich people intellectually. This requires a clean and abundant source of information on the cyberspace that is provided to the public; it should be apparently free of indecency and obscenity that may cause any social problems, which eventually attributes to the decay of moral values. Human beings live in communities where easy access to indecency stimulates many people to adopt these lower moral values, as seemingly it is quite normal and perfectly okay to do so; the idea of Everybody does so and Everybody says so exerts a detrimental influence on peopleÐ ±Ã ¿s minds and that is what people are libeled to believe when the exposure to indecency becomes so common. What draws even more concerns of ours is of the children. We all know that children can easily be scarred and manipulated by all kinds of information. Parents can have some control over which books their children read as they can easily tell what the books are about; they do not have worry that their children will turn a page and be confronted with obscenities or other forms of indecency. While with the Internet, there is a whole different scenario. Anyone can flick a page and be presented with porn, denigration, discrimination, fraud and misinformation. As parenting is not only about chaining a child to a parental censor but about creating a safe environment for children to grow up in at the same time, an uncensored Internet is apparently not a safe environment for children. Due to the above reasons, it is my opinion that the flow of information should be filtered from anything that contradicts any of the abovementioned reasonable purposes. This includes filtering indecent expressions and obscene materials from access to the Internet. As a result, only the government has the power to take such actions so as to ensure the Internet is not over polluted by indecent garbage. However, it is very difficult to take modest steps in this sensitive issue of Internet censorship. Some people may say that certain information on the net, which might be viewed as obscene or indecent, are actually useful and helpful to people who are mature enough. This includes those obtained from adult sites. Though young people are not ready to get access to such information that may lead to their moral decay, mature adults certainly do not encounter the same problem. However they may be banned from acquire what they need from the net due to the possible existence of government censorship. Moreover, as community standards vary from community to community, it is not possible to find a guideline for the decisions of what is acceptable to be made upon; neither is it easy to be implemented. Furthermore, nobody is able to take full responsibility on such issues. Some people may argue that teaching children to deal with indecencies may shield them better and prepare them for the real world. And that the rights of free speak should never be violated. Yet that does not mean that we can do nothing about the existing and possibly occurring problems on net; government censorship is still necessary at this point of time and may have to go on for a certain period of time. In order to make sure desirable results can be seen, what seems to be necessary is the corporation and communication between the government and Internet surfers. General guidelines of censorship can be discussed and decided with efforts of both parties to reach a compromise. Feedback sites and forums can be set up to serve such purposes online. Eventually, the issue of Internet censorship is always controversial as the interests and concerns of different persons can never be the same as others; it can only be eased with internet surfers carrying out their social responsibilities. I think for government to step into the problem currently and help censor the accessibility of certain websites containing things such as adult materials is a modest measurement of control over Internet.

Monday, October 21, 2019

War and Peacemaking

War and Peacemaking Free Online Research Papers Throughout the course of this semester we learned a lot about war and peacemaking in this class. Knowing about wars and peace in the Orthodox Church is very important to any Orthodox Christian. Christ taught us to turn away from evil and evil works of the devil and demons. The church also forbids any clergy member to bare arms and who ever sheds blood even by accident to step down from the clergy position. The church also understands that there must be some form of government like the police and armed forces, which may need to bare arms to protect the people. The words â€Å"An eye for and eye, and a tooth for a tooth† have been used to express retributive justice, which is also known as the Latin law lex talionis, in English means â€Å"the law of retaliation†. The way the law got formed was to make the punishment of the crime be fit to the crime. We have all felt this way about criminals, when ever I hear about child molesters or pedophiles getting arrested I have always said if they had sex with a little boy or girl they should cut off their genitals. I know that this is not Christian like of me at all but the principle of lex talionis has always been around and has been put in to people’s head. For men to live a more Christ like life today they must renounce all evil. Christ teaches us to do so when he gives this sermon to the apostles. Christ lived this way his entire life to show us how to act. If Christ were to become evil and hit one of the soldiers when he was getting whipped or when Christ was getting arrested and one of the men he was with pulled out his sword he said put away your sword, if you live by the sword you will die by the sword. When someone does something evil to another person like punching him or her in the face the person who got hit should not fight back. When they fight back they are becoming more evil. When people fight evil with evil they spread evil, when people use love and peace to fight evil good always wins. If a person responds to evil in anger or self-defense, he becomes attached to the evil and it can dominate him. If everyone lives this way and fought evil with good then this world would be a lot better to live in. Through our prayers and hope this world one day will be peaceful and there will be no more fighting. Sources Wikipedia- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_for_an_eye Research Papers on War and PeacemakingHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoTwilight of the UAW

Sunday, October 20, 2019

World War II in the Pacific - New Guinea, Burma, China

World War II in the Pacific - New Guinea, Burma, China Previous: Japanese Advances Early Allied Victories World War II 101 Next: Island Hopping to Victory The Japanese Land in New Guinea In early 1942, following their occupation of Rabaul on New Britain, Japanese troops began landing on the north coast of New Guinea. Their objective was to secure the island and its capital, Port Moresby, in order to consolidate their position in the South Pacific and provide a springboard for attacking the Allies in Australia. That May, the Japanese prepared an invasion fleet with the goal of attacking Port Moresby directly. This was turned back by Allied naval forces at the Battle of the Coral Sea on May 4-8. With the naval approaches to Port Moresby closed, the Japanese focused on attacking overland. To accomplish this, they began landing troops along the islands northeast coast on July 21. Coming ashore at Buna, Gona, and Sanananda, Japanese forces began pressing inland and soon captured the airfield at Kokoda after heavy fighting. Battle for the Kokoda Trail The Japanese landings preempted Supreme Allied Commander, Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA) General Douglas MacArthurs plans for using New Guinea as a platform for attacking the Japanese at Rabaul. Instead, MacArthur built up his forces on New Guinea with the goal of expelling the Japanese. With the fall of Kokoda, the only way to supply Allied troops north of the Owen Stanley Mountains was over the single-file Kokoda Trail. Running from Port Moresby over the mountains to Kokoda, the trail was a treacherous path that was seen as an avenue of advance for both sides. Pushing his men forward, Major General Tomitaro Horii was able to slowly drive the Australian defenders back up the trail. Fighting in terrible conditions, both sides were plagued by disease and a lack of food. Upon reaching Ioribaiwa, the Japanese could see the lights of Port Moresby but were forced to halt due to a lack of supplies and reinforcements. With his supply situation desperate, Horii was ordered to withdraw back to Kokoda and the beachhead at Buna. This coupled with the repulse of Japanese attacks on the base at Milne Bay, ended the threat to Port Moresby. Allied Counterattacks on New Guinea Reinforced by the arrival fresh American and Australian troops, the Allies launched a counteroffensive in the wake of the Japanese retreat. Pushing over the mountains, Allied forces pursued the Japanese to their heavily defended coastal bases at Buna, Gona, and Sanananda. Beginning on November 16, Allied troops assaulted the Japanese positions and in bitter, close-quarters, fighting slowly overcame them. The final Japanese strongpoint at Sanananda fell on January 22, 1943. Conditions in the Japanese base were horrific as their supplies had run out and many had resorted to cannibalism. After successfully defending the airstrip at Wau in late January, the Allies scored a major victory at the Battle of the Bismarck Sea on March 2-4. Attacking Japanese troop transports, aircraft from SWPAs air forces managed to sink eight, killing over 5,000 soldiers that were en route to New Guinea. With momentum shifting, MacArthur planned a major offensive against the Japanese bases at Salamaua and Lae. This attack was to be part of Operation Cartwheel, an Allied strategy for isolating Rabaul. Moving forward in April 1943, Allied forces advanced towards Salamaua from Wau and were later supported by landings to the south at Nassau Bay in late June. While fighting continued around Salamaua, a second front was opened around Lae. Named Operation Postern, the attack on Lae began with airborne landings at Nadzab to the west and amphibious operations to the east. With the Allies threatening Lae, the Japanese abandoned Salamaua on September 11. After heavy fighting around the town, Lae fel l four days later. While fighting continued on New Guinea for the rest of the war, it became a secondary theater as SWPA shifted its attention to planning the invasion of the Philippines. The Early War in Southeast Asia Following the destruction of Allied naval forces at the Battle of the Java Sea in February 1942, the Japanese Fast Carrier Strike Force, under Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, raided into the Indian Ocean. Hitting targets on Ceylon, the Japanese sank the aging carrier HMS Hermes and forced the British to relocate their forward naval base in the Indian Ocean to Kilindini, Kenya. The Japanese also seized the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Ashore, Japanese troops began entering Burma in January 1942, to protect the flank of their operations in Malaya. Pushing north towards the port of Rangoon, the Japanese pushed aside British opposition and forced them to abandon the city on March 7. The Allies sought to stabilize their lines in the northern part of the country and Chinese troops rushed south to aid in the fight. This attempt failed and the Japanese advance continued, with the British retreating to Imphal, India and the Chinese falling back to the north. The loss of Burma severed the Burma Road by which Allied military aid had been reaching China. As a result, the Allies began flying supplies over the Himalayas to bases in China. Known as The Hump, the route saw over 7,000 tons of supplies cross it each month. Due to the hazardous conditions over the mountains, The Hump claimed 1,500 Allied aviators during the war. Previous: Japanese Advances Early Allied Victories World War II 101 Next: Island Hopping to Victory Previous: Japanese Advances Early Allied Victories World War II 101 Next: Island Hopping to Victory The Burmese Front Allied operations in Southeast Asia were perpetually hampered by a lack of supplies and the low priority given the theater by Allied commanders. In late 1942, the British launched their first offensive into Burma. Moving along the coast, it was quickly defeated by the Japanese. To the north, Major General Orde Wingate began a series of deep penetration raids designed to wreak havoc on the Japanese behind the lines. Known as Chindits, these columns were supplied entirely by air and, though they suffered heavy casualties, succeeded in keeping the Japanese on edge. Chindit raids continued throughout the war and in 1943, a similar American unit was formed under Brigadier General Frank Merrill. In August 1943, the Allies formed the Southeast Asia Command (SEAC) to handle operations in the region and named Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten as its commander. Seeking to regain the initiative, Mountbatten planned a series of amphibious landings as part of a new offensive, but had to cancel them when his landing craft were withdrawn for use in the Normandy invasion. In March 1944, the Japanese, led by Lieutenant-General Renya Mutaguchi, launched a major offensive to take the British base at Imphal. Surging forward they encircled the town, forcing General William Slim to shift forces north to rescue the situation. Over the next few months heavy fighting raged around Imphal and Kohima. Having suffered high numbers of casualties and unable to break the British defenses, the Japanese broke off the offensive and began retreating in July. While the Japanese focus was on Imphal, US and Chinese troops, directed by General Joseph Stilwell made progress in northern Burma. Retaking Burma With India defended, Mountbatten and Slim began offensive operations into Burma. With his forces weakened and lacking equipment, the new Japanese commander in Burma, General Hyotaro Kimura fell back to the Irrawaddy River in the central part of the country. Pushing on all fronts, Allied forces met with success as the Japanese began giving ground. Driving hard through central Burma, British forces liberated Meiktila and Mandalay, while US and Chinese forces linked up in the north. Due to a need to take Rangoon before the monsoon season washed away the overland supply routes, Slim turned south and fought through determined Japanese resistance to take the city on April 30, 1945. Retreating east, the Kimuras forces were hammered on July 17 when many attempted to cross the Sittang River. Attacked by the British, the Japanese suffered nearly 10,000 casualties. The fighting along the Sittang was the last of the campaign in Burma. The War in China Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese launched a major offensive in China against the city of Changsha. Attacking with 120,000 men, Chiang Kai-Sheks Nationalist Army responded with 300,000 forcing the Japanese to withdrawal. In the wake of the failed offensive, the situation in China returned to the stalemate that had existed since 1940. To support the war effort in China, the Allies dispatched large amounts of Lend-Lease equipment and supplies over the Burma Road. Following the capture of the road by the Japanese, these supplies were flown in over The Hump. To ensure that China remained in the war, President Franklin Roosevelt dispatched General Joseph Stilwell to serve as Chiang Kai-Sheks chief of staff and as commander of the US China-Burma-India Theater. Chinas survival was of paramount concern for the Allies as the Chinese front tied down large numbers of Japanese troops, preventing them from being used elsewhere. Roosevelt also made the decision that US troops would not serve in large numbers in the Chinese theater, and that American involvement would be limited to air support and logistics. A largely political assignment, Stilwell soon became frustrated by the extreme corruption of Chiangs regime and his unwillingness to engage in offensive operations against the Japanese. This hesitancy was largely the result of Chiangs desire to reserve his forces for fighting Mao Zedongs Chinese Communists after the war. While Maos forces were nominally allied with Chiang during the war, they operated independently under Communist control. Issues Between Chiang, Stilwell, Chennault Stilwell also butted heads with Major General Claire Chennault, the former commander of the Flying Tigers, who now led the US Fourteenth Air Force. A friend of Chiangs, Chennault believed that the war could be won through air power alone. Wishing to conserve his infantry, Chiang became an active advocate of Chennaults approach. Stilwell countered Chennault by pointing out that large numbers of troops would still be required to defend US airbases. Operating parallel to Chennault was Operation Matterhorn, which called for the basing of new B-29 Superfortress bombers in China with the task of striking the Japanese home islands. In April 1944, the Japanese launched Operation Ichigo which opened a rail route from Beijing to Indochina and captured many of Chennaults ill-defended airbases. Due to the Japanese offensive and the difficulty in obtaining supplies over The Hump, the B-29s were re-based to the Marianas Islands in early 1945. Endgame in China Despite having been proven correct, in October 1944, Stilwell was recalled to the US at Chiangs request. He was replaced by Major General Albert Wedemeyer. With the Japanese position eroding, Chiang became more willing to resume offensive operations. Chinese forces first aided in evicting the Japanese from northern Burma, and then, led by General Sun Li-jen, attacked into Guangxi and southwestern China. With Burma retaken, supplies began to flow into China allowing Wedemeyer to consider larger operations. He soon planned Operation Carbonado for the summer of 1945, which called for an assault to take the port of Guandong. This plan was cancelled following the dropping of the atomic bombs and Japans surrender. Previous: Japanese Advances Early Allied Victories World War II 101 Next: Island Hopping to Victory

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Importance of Management Information Systems Assignment

Importance of Management Information Systems - Assignment Example I agree with the author’s claims about Management Information Systems (MIS) being the most important class a student can take in an undergraduate business class. This is so because it is all about how people whether as an individual entity, a group or even the whole organization can use the set systems and technology to make decisions for the benefit of the whole organization. The good thing about this is that it encourages uniform decision making and hence no extreme decisions that may affect productivity and sustainability of the organization negatively can take place.   The author mentions that the greatest advantage of an MIS is the fact that it can be utilized in any department in the organization whether   in marketing, accounting and finance, manufacturing, human resource department, in the social application or even in other general departments (Gupta 255). This is true and I agree with it because MIS has a set of systems it proposes organizations or groups to use and once they are engaged, they can be able to pinpoint out the areas the company or group needs to improve on and which ones are already perfect. This can happen in any department as long as the records kept are correct and updated. I however disagree with the author’s assertions that an MIS system is not as effective when utilized by an individual entity as it is when utilized by a group of people or the whole organization (Gupta 356). I disagree because MIS has already set systems in place and hence anyone with good knowledge of how to utilize them can gain meaningful results similar to what an organization or a group of people get.   

Matrixes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Matrixes - Essay Example SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. SWOT analysis is a tool used for auditing the organization and its environment (Marketingteacher.com, 2011.) It is a very popular and useful tool for developing strategic management decision because it is simple and easy to use. In SWOT, strengths and weaknesses are considered as internal factors while opportunities and threats are external. This also gives the reason why SWOT analysis is sometimes called the Internal-External analysis (Mindtools.com, 2011). This is done with the help of the SWOT matrix where in the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the organization are considered. By looking at the strengths of the organization, the possible areas for comparison with the competitors maybe discovered and this will also present the weaknesses that the organization possesses. Useful opportunities may come from looking at the strengths and trying to eliminate the weaknesses of the organization. Threats are the external factors that serve as obstacles that organization may face. SWOT analysis may help the organization in its strategic management decisions as it uncover opportunities where it is well placed to exploit and by understanding the weaknesses, threats can be managed and eliminated.

Friday, October 18, 2019

Finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance - Research Paper Example This however, has led to utilizing the stock exchange indicators of the three distinctive countries i.e. Abu Dhabi, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. We ascertain that all the preceding three markets eliminates aught supposition that the returns adopt a convention statistical distribution. Additionally, we get hold that hypothesis bearing on to haphazard walk and feeble form efficiency of the three GCC countries and its markets is declined for all three issues including variegation benefits, based on the correlation statistics of returns. From the analytic thinking, we restates that the necessitate for an incorporated DCC stock market should be availed since the results and suggestions have fuller entailments due to security psychoanalysis, adorning community, securities market and other regulatory authorities in their policy decisions to improve their capital market performance. However, this field research entailed market efficiency, Random walk Kolmogorov-smimov test, Runs test for randomne ss which was articulated to find out the market analysis of the three GCC countries. Introduction Stock exchange, act as a determinant persona in cementing the relationship between the investors and the embodied sector (Solink, 2003). In this appendage, they alleviate in marshaling the economies of people and channelize them to the increment of trade, commercialism and industrialized sectors of an economic system. In a nutshell, stock markets caper a significant purpose in capital establishment and avail fuel economical maturation in the country. Considering it from the investor’s viewpoint, securities market cognitive operation are frequently equated to operations in adventuring dens, and the investors anticipate the flop winning schemes employing infinite processes and methods at liberty. All the same, the investor’s elemental target is to rally the market in spite of the fact that most off times investors are channelized by the persuasions of faith and phobic disord er. Notwithstanding, intellectual investors like to bid dependable and adorn their hand-earned net worth optimally. Those investors look for devised entropy and coherent abstract thought backed up by technological ways and techniques, since the two blossom circumstances of sensible investors are the risk and return inherently deliver in a security, guidance on deciding the correct stock based on scientific formula aspiring a boon to the investors. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) The GCC commercialize analytic thinking of the three countries will be examined in reference to effective market hypothesis (EMH) and also through Random walk hypothesis (RWH). Unlike the efficient market hypothesis, this principal sum arrogates that the stock prices align rapidly to the new information, and thus, current prices in full reflect all available information. Furthermore, the Efficient Market hypothesis is classified into three sub assumption subject on the information set involved (Farma, 1988 ). The efficient market possibility all the same, avers that whenever the markets are efficient, then it ought to constitute almost impossible for an investor to exceed the market on a corroborated footing. Even though defluxions will occur and there will be periods when securities are all over or depreciated, these anomalousness’s are expected to go away as quickly as they came along, thus coming through almost impossible to profit from them

The Role of Family in Uprising of a Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Role of Family in Uprising of a Child - Essay Example A questionnaire or survey is a popular tool for retrieved data due to its simplicity and a short time to implement the technique. Questionnaires consist of a series of the question asked to respondents on an individual basis to obtain their opinions, attitudes, perceptions and/or description related to a particular situation (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, 2003). The subjects that participate in a questionnaire which can be administered in various setting such person to person, mail, or virtual setting return the answers back to the researcher directly. The questionnaire design can follow an open-ended format or a structured format that utilizes T/F or multiple choice type questions. The questionnaire design by the researcher writing this report uses the open-ended question to be answered by the subjects participating in the research study. Appendix A illustrated the questionnaire to be administered to the subjects. The results of the survey can help an educator provide consulting on how to improve the scholarly performance of the subject matter. The adults must get involved in the child’s learning process. One of the first things the parents must do is to have a one on one conversation with all the teachers that give the class lesson to the child in order to know if the child has any behavioural problems in class or any learning deficiencies that need immediate attention. Hiring a tutor is the great way to establish a health study habit routine for the child. In our new technologically advanced age there are companies such as Brainfuse that provide online tutoring services for to children in their home (Brainfuse, 2008). Feedback is very important in the educational process. Knowledge is the key to create an effective education plan. If a child has problems learning something a dual program should be in place to provide direct assistance from the parents or professional tutor on the defi cient area, while at the same time giving the child educational project that are challenging in his area of expertise to challenge the child as well as raising his self-esteem by giving him the opportunity to get involve in educational activities the child can master.  Ã‚  

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Macroeconomics Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macroeconomics Assignment - Essay Example 7). B: i. Figure: Labor Market (Parkin, 2012, p. 22) ii. Figure 2: Effect of greater immigration on Real GDP (Parkin, 2012, p. 23) iii. Due to relaxation of immigration laws large number of immigrants enters into the country and started to work as workers in various industries of the country. This increase in the number of immigrants increases the supply of labor in various industries. This increment in the number of labor supplied increases shifts the equilibrium point in the market for labor. At the existing equilibrium real wage rate (R1), there occurs excess supply for labour which causes the real wage rate to fall in the next period. The new equilibrium is achieved with the increased level of labor employment and lower level of real wage rate in the labor market. At the new equilibrium the amount of labor employed increases from L1Â ­ from L2Â ­ and the real wage rate falls from R1 to R2. These facts are evident from Figure 1. Again this increment in the employment of labor, g iven the production technologies and equipments, increases the total amounts of output produced in each industries and hence, given the number of total population in the country the real GDP of the country rises up. With the help of relaxation of the immigration laws the absolute number of workers available to the sector of production of goods and services in the country rises up. ... These technological advancements help producers of various goods and services to use available production techniques more efficiently and the productivity of each worker increases. Hence, the production function shifts up with the result that after the introduction of better and advanced techniques of production each worker produces higher level of output with the given levels of factors of production. With the same amount of labor employed (L) the output level rises up. These facts are clear from Figure 3 (Parkin, 2012, pp. 24-25). Figure 3: Technological change and shifts in Production Function (Parkin, 2012, pp. 35-36) ii. If the total amount of labor force employed in the process of production of goods and service remain constant in the economy, then in the face of technological advancement the efficiency of production of each of the worker will increase. This is because each worker is now given a better technology to work with which will raise the amount of goods and services pr oduced by each worker per hour. Hence, in the production sector of the economy greater amounts of goods and services will be produced at each point of time, in comparison to the previous period with no technological advancement. Hence, the volume of real GDP will rise up in the economy. Also given the total number of population in the economy, the volume of real GDP per person will rise up too (Parkin, 2012, pp. 35-36). iii. After the introduction of new technology in the process of production of various goods and services the real GDP and the real GDP per person rises up. Also the productivity of each worker or laborer rises up. This increase in the productivity plays the crucial role in the process of

One Page Response on 'Wayward Puritans' by KAI ERIKSON Essay

One Page Response on 'Wayward Puritans' by KAI ERIKSON - Essay Example One classic example to this is cannibalism. Most societies deem this as immoral but there are few communities that practice it thinking that eating their enemies will strengthen them, or similar to that line. The article enlightened my perspective in understanding deviant behavior. A group has subjective boundaries, something that changes through time depending on the experiences and situation that they are subjected to. These experiences become the string that attaches each member to each other, forming the community’s spirit and conformity. These experiences also set the behaviors that conforms and deviates with the group. It is important to note that when someone behaves differently from the group, it does not automatically mean that they are deviant. There are still levels of deviance that the group tolerates, being expected deviance such as teenagers behaving raucously. With this, the study of deviance revolves not one the individual that behaves differently but on the re actions and responses of the group that the individual belongs to. Deviance has and will always be part of our lives. I may have done deviant deeds but not to the extent that the group will shun me and discriminate me. This opened my eyes that our actions will always depend on our social environment.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Macroeconomics Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macroeconomics Assignment - Essay Example 7). B: i. Figure: Labor Market (Parkin, 2012, p. 22) ii. Figure 2: Effect of greater immigration on Real GDP (Parkin, 2012, p. 23) iii. Due to relaxation of immigration laws large number of immigrants enters into the country and started to work as workers in various industries of the country. This increase in the number of immigrants increases the supply of labor in various industries. This increment in the number of labor supplied increases shifts the equilibrium point in the market for labor. At the existing equilibrium real wage rate (R1), there occurs excess supply for labour which causes the real wage rate to fall in the next period. The new equilibrium is achieved with the increased level of labor employment and lower level of real wage rate in the labor market. At the new equilibrium the amount of labor employed increases from L1Â ­ from L2Â ­ and the real wage rate falls from R1 to R2. These facts are evident from Figure 1. Again this increment in the employment of labor, g iven the production technologies and equipments, increases the total amounts of output produced in each industries and hence, given the number of total population in the country the real GDP of the country rises up. With the help of relaxation of the immigration laws the absolute number of workers available to the sector of production of goods and services in the country rises up. ... These technological advancements help producers of various goods and services to use available production techniques more efficiently and the productivity of each worker increases. Hence, the production function shifts up with the result that after the introduction of better and advanced techniques of production each worker produces higher level of output with the given levels of factors of production. With the same amount of labor employed (L) the output level rises up. These facts are clear from Figure 3 (Parkin, 2012, pp. 24-25). Figure 3: Technological change and shifts in Production Function (Parkin, 2012, pp. 35-36) ii. If the total amount of labor force employed in the process of production of goods and service remain constant in the economy, then in the face of technological advancement the efficiency of production of each of the worker will increase. This is because each worker is now given a better technology to work with which will raise the amount of goods and services pr oduced by each worker per hour. Hence, in the production sector of the economy greater amounts of goods and services will be produced at each point of time, in comparison to the previous period with no technological advancement. Hence, the volume of real GDP will rise up in the economy. Also given the total number of population in the economy, the volume of real GDP per person will rise up too (Parkin, 2012, pp. 35-36). iii. After the introduction of new technology in the process of production of various goods and services the real GDP and the real GDP per person rises up. Also the productivity of each worker or laborer rises up. This increase in the productivity plays the crucial role in the process of

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Liability of Employers and Occupiers Case Study

Liability of Employers and Occupiers - Case Study Example To see how the law of tort applies and operates, this essay takes up three test cases brought against Sports Ltd., which owns and operates a sports and physical fitness complex. All three cases suggest that Sports Ltd. caused them harm by violating the tort of negligence, the biggest category of tort because it endangers many besides the chance victim and is considered both a public and private wrong. At first glance, Sports Ltd. may be guilty of negligence because management knew that its central heating system in the boiler room that scalded Sally in a bad way was defective and potentially dangerous but the establishment did nothing about it except warn its employees about the risk. This is the essence of the Occupier's Liability Act (OLA) in UK, a statutory tort that applies to health and safety regulations across the workplace (Honore, 1995). OLA provides that "any person such as a shop owner who admits people into his premises owes a minimum duty of care to protect these people's safety (Metaphysics Research Lab, 2003)." A closer look at this particular case, however, will show that Sally shares the blame for the accident that happened to her. The college girl gained entry to the sports complex through the backdoor, which leads into the boiler room, to avoid paying for a ticket at the regular entrance. In Yuen Kun Yeu v Attorney General of Hong Kong (1988), Rowling v Takaro Properties Ltd. (1985), and Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire (1989), liability for the tort of negligence can only occur when the supposed damage can be reasonably foreseen. In other words, the defendant failed to do what a reasonable person would do in the situation presented (Green, 1960). On the scalding sustained by Sally, Sports Ltd. can defend itself against a tort claim by pointing out that its management could not have foreseen such an accident to happen to any guest. The establishment can invoke the principles of volenti non fit injuria (a willing victim cannot claim for damage), contributory negligence, and ex turpi cause non oritur (no right of action arises from a despicable cause), the three standard defenses against a tort claim (Fletcher, 1972). From the evidence, Sally is culpable on all three counts because she consented to the risk of damage by using an entrance that is off-limits to th e public, which action amounts to contributory negligence and "despicable" cause. The action is despicable in the sense that it is wrong and deprives Sports Ltd. of revenue generated from ticket sales. Case 2 - Ashraf In the case of Ashraf, Sports Ltd. can use the same line of defense. Like Sally, Ashraf virtually consented to the risk of damage to his person by insisting on using the corridor on his way to the gym notwithstanding a sign put up by the cleaning woman Maria that says: "Cleaning in Progress: Use Alternative Route." Ashraf as an exclusive member of the exercise club knew a side entrance that could be used as alternative route but he was in a hurry so he risked the corridor and was thus culpable of contributory negligence. The tort law, according to Hocking & Smith (1996), is all about dissecting all possibilities in a case to

Monday, October 14, 2019

Kudler Fine Food - Marketing Essay Example for Free

Kudler Fine Food Marketing Essay With the marketing focus review, this paper will discuss the potential technology solutions for customer contests, loyalty points programs, purchase tracking, benchmarking of internal versus external service processes, and the management of inventory and related costs. Also concepts such as consumer databases and customer relationship management systems (CRM) will be elaborated upon. A potential technology solution to support customer contests can be achieved through a simple manner of employing an online survey that can be held daily. A winner would be selected each day. The winner would enjoy the prize of being in the presence of Kathy Kudler in being taught how to prepare specialty foods in a cooking class. Another suggestion for a prize would be to provide tickets to special and private events that are held by Kudler Fine Foods. On the technology end of this solution, the customer would fill out the online survey and the information would be stored in a database. At the end of the month, a winner would be randomly selected from the database for the contest. The cost of the implementing and maintaining a program and the database would be affordable for Kudler Fine Foods. Essentially, the time and cost would be made up by the targeted customer’s desire to enter said contests to fully enjoy the Kudler Fine Foods executive experience. Also another option for a prize is to have cooking classes that are presented by cooking professionals, celebrities, or food experts rather than just the owner, Kathy Kudler. The Loyalty Points Program, also known as â€Å"frequent shopper program†, is a program that would allow the customer to accumulate points that can be used within the Kudler Fine Foods stores. With this program, customers shopping and purchasing habits can also be tracked. With the points that have been accumulated by the customer, the points can be exchanged for high-end items within the stores. By employing this program, Kudler Fine Foods will be more familiar with their customers as well as their spending habits. In addition to, this program will allow Kudler Fine Foods to keep track of each and every customer on the frequency of their visits to the stores and keep having them come back to accumulate more points. On the technology side of this programs, a data management system would be need to be constructed and maintained in order to keep track of the multitude of customers and their accumulation of â€Å"loyalty† points. This data management system would service all of the Kudler Fine Foods stores in ensuring that the all of the data is integrated for new customers, customer information is updated, and that duplicates are prevented. To allow customers to redeem their accumulated â€Å"loyalty† points, web servers would need to be set up to assist with the vast amount of data. Also, redundancy of the said servers would need to be implemented in case there is a hardware or software failure. The most important piece of the â€Å"loyalty† program is the card itself. It is a card that the customer would carry and has a unique identifier dedicated to that customer. With these cards, the customer can view online their accumulated points and purchases at Kudler Fine Foods. Kudler Fine Foods utilizes purchase tracking to follow profit, profit margin, and transactions that have taken place over a period of time. With the large amounts of data, Kudler Fine Foods will need an effective, efficient, and accurate means of capturing and storing this information. In stating that, the main server will need to be located at the main store so as to be a focal point for all communications that happen between all stores. Benchmarking can be described as the most effective method in relation to both products and processes. Other successful business entities that are similar to Kudler Fine Foods can be viewed as a model such as Wal-mart. Being able to view Wal-mart as a model for the processes, Kudler Fine Foods is able to meet benchmarking, if not higher, and continuously improve on it products and processes. On the technology side of benchmarking, online web based training courses can be created to teach and inform employees on the new products and services. An important part of Kudler Fine Foods is inventory management since Kudler Fine Foods is a store that sells a large amount of fine foods. Not knowing what is in stock can lead to an overstock or a shortage of merchandise. Having an overstock simply spells wasted money that could have been spent elsewhere. Having a shortage of product would lead to dissatisfied customers. On the technology side of inventory management, IT is a huge factor in tracking, recording, and warning about inventory. A main server would be connected to the point-of-sales machines and continuously keep track of all of the inventory from each and every store. The inventory management system would always be updated from when a new inventory is placed into stock and when an item is taken out of inventory. In conclusion, Kudler Fine Foods currently has a strong foothold in its marketing abilities. Employing the suggested potential technology solutions would not only promote efficient and effective processes but would also allow for room potential growth and increased revenue. With this vision in mind, this mission statement of Kudler Fine Foods will be met successfully as well as all of the standards that Kathy Kudler is counting on. References https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/internet/index. asp

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Definition Of Hiv And Aids Health And Social Care Essay

Definition Of Hiv And Aids Health And Social Care Essay I have chosen the topic of HIV/AIDS. In this written assignment, Firstly, I will start by introducing what are HIV and AIDS and the influence of them. Secondly, I will generate some figure of the world and also in Hong Kong. Then, I will use the biopsychosocial model to describe the causes of HIV. Last but not lease, I will discuss the health promotion and Motivation Strategies. 2. Definition of HIV and AIDS: Definition of HIV The short term of Human Immunodeficiency Virus is called HIV which is a virus and it is reported by Dr. Luc Montagnier in 1983. They cannot reproduce and grow by themselves, they have to rely on a living organism and infect the cell of them in order to replicate. Viruses usually are found and killed by the human immune system quickly, however, HIV could directly attack the human immune system which would affect our body health and cannot get rid of a virus. Definition of AIDS AIDS Acquires Immune Deficiency Syndrome which is caused by inflection of HIV which would destroys the human ability to fight with the diseases and cancers. AIDS is not a single disease and it combine with opportunistic infection which would invade the live body easily when the immune system is destroyed. People with HIV are not equal to infect AIDS. For the people who inflect HIV can also remain dormant in body for several years. During the median incubation period, for adult, it would take ten years to develop AIDS on average. And a lot of people with HIV may be unaware of their inflection status and look healthy. 3. Influence For the people who have infected HIV are they are higher risk to get infected and malignancies because the immune system is damage which is called opportunistic infects. The most common HIV-related opportunistic infections and diseases includes the bacterial diseases and protozoal diseases, fungal diseases, Viral diseases and HIV-associated malignancies. There are different condition would appear in different stage of HIV infection. For the first stage patient, they have higher rate to infect tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, malaria, staphylococcal skin infections, herpes zoster and septicaemia and more difficult to recover. For the later stage of the patient, the immune system is being more and more weak, it is easier for them to infect PCP, cryptococcosis and toxoplasmosis which can be fatal. 4. Figure of HIV/AIDS HIV is a global epidemic. They affect different country of the world. It could have negative effects in families, communities and the whole countries. From the above bar chart, we can find that the number of people living with HIV increase from 8 million in1990 to 34 million in 2010. Also, in recent years, the overall number of growth of the epidemic has become more stable and the annual number of the new inflection has continuously decreased because of the increasing number of people has received antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, AID-related deaths number has also decrease. From the above bar chart, it is clearly to see the majority people living with HIV is mostly live in low and middle income countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa where has two-thirds of all infected people of the whole world which carries the greatest burden of the epidemic. Also, South and South-East Asia is the second highest number of people who are infected HIV. Figure in Hong Kong This research is done by The Virtual AIDS Office (VAO) of Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, the first case of HIV infection was reported in 1984. From the above graphics, we would find that the number of case of people infected HIV keep on increasing in recent years. The number of cases has a mild drop in 2009 and 2010, however, the number of case in 2011 increase to a record high of 438 cases. Also, it is clearly to find the most inflection were in adult, male and Chinese. In 2011, there is 79% of the reported cases were men and 66% of reported cases is Chinese and the 83% of the reported cases aged between 20-49 which is the highest. This pie chart show the suspected route of HIV transmission in 2011, we would find that the large proportion of people getting infected HIV is from sexual transmission which includes 39% of homosexual, 27% of heterosexual and 4% of bisexual. Also, 3.5% is infected from blood contact which includes contaminated blood, blood products and needles. 5. Causes Biological Causes Transmission of HIV Sexual contact During the sexual contact, the semen or vaginal discharge of the inflected partner would directly in contact with the mucous membrane of the male and females reproductive organ. Therefore, homosexual and homosexual contact can transmit HIV, such as vaginal, oral or anal sex. And the risk of HIV transmission would increase when there is ulcer and blood during the sexual contact. Blood contact HIV would be transmitted by contaminated blood, blood products and needles because there is the high concentration of HIV in blood of the people inflected. It is common to find that blood-borne transmission of HIV often occurs when the drug users who infected HIV share the needles with others. Also, we would find some cases in the health care setting, such as needlestick injuries and the HIV transfuse to the blood or blood product. Mother to infant infection During pregnancy, delivery or breasting feeding, there is 15-40% change that HIV can transmit the infant if the mother is infected. Psychological Causes There are a lot of psychological causes would increase the risk of HIV. For examples, the personal depression, suicidal thoughts, lack of sleep would lead to an increase of stress and may cause some psychiatric problems which would slow down our immune systems and we have to place more stain on it. Also, for the people who have infected HIV it would lead to high HIV viral loads. Furthermore, increase of stress will cause a lot of problems. When people getting more and more stressful, some people may choose to go to the recreational place to relax themselves, such as clubbing, bar and game center. It is easier for them to meet some bad friend and they may mislead them to take the drugs or have the sexual relation which would increase the risk of HIV transmission, such as blood contact and sexual contact. In addition, for the people who have infected HIV, eating habit would also affect the process from HIV to AIDS which is base on the diet of the patient. It would be faster if the patient is malnourished. Sociological Causes For the developing country In the developing country, there is a lack of antiretroviral treatments and poor health care system which leads to the rate of people infected HIV remains in a high level. People in the developing countries are unawareness of HIV, For the modern society In the modern society, people are more open-minded. A lot of people may choose to go to the club or bar to relax after work and they may think there is nothing problem to have sex with somebody and it would lead to an increase to the number of people getting sexual contact. -Media The mass media always play the central role of the whole society and it would affect the mind of the citizen. In the modern society, one of the causes that people getting more and more open-minded is affect by the media. Although they are not aim to send whose messages to them, but when they watch the movies or a TV programmes that the actors can easily have the sexual relation to others or they are taking drugs which would directly affect their mind and they may want to imitate. It would increase the risk of infect HIV through blood contact and sexual contact. 6. Health promotion Information and education The effective AIDS programme should promote the information and provision of education which is the key prerequisites. It should cover the all sectors of the society and educate them in a way that they can easily understand and acceptable. Also, it should be put effort continuously to achieve the outcome. HIV and AIDS education in schools For educating the young about HIV and AIDS, the most common place is to learn from school which is a crucial setting to educate the young. School usually pays an important role in shaping the youths attitudes, opinions and behavior. Therefore, teaching in school about the biological aspects of HIV and AIDS is ideal environment for teaching the social. HIV and AIDS education in the workplace To prevent HIV/AIDS, the key location is to educate them in the workplace. It is an important way to give them the information about what are HIV/AIDS, the causes and some prevention. Also, teaching them at the workplace can reach people who have not learn it before at school. Moreover, there are some researches found that there are nine out of ten people who are infected HIV are working. Therefore, providing education at the workplace can help the people live healthier. For the government, they can promote some programs of the International Labour Organization (ILO) for some company to join. One of the aim of the International Labour Organization is to promote different prevent solutions at the workplace and support the workers with HIV, such as providing treatment and care. -HIV and AIDS education through the mass media Also the other effective way is educating the public through the mass media. Mass media always play the central role in a lot of countries in respond to HIV and AIDS. For example, UK government in order to raise the awareness of the public about the HIV and AIDS, they use the progamme called blanket education which make good use of the mass media that can cover the whole society, and it is really successful in promoting HIV and AIDS. -Clinical and support service Information and education is not sufficient to inform to public. The most critical step is to provide the counselling, advice, medical treatments and support services which should also cover the whole society, especially for whole who are high risk to infect HIV, such as the drugs users, commercial sex workers. These treatments and services are both essential to the AIDS programme which can fight against the disease. For example, for the prevention of sexual Transmission of HIV, there are some sexually transmitted diseases(STD) clinics can promote some AIDS information and education to be informed to the patients, such as inform the people who have high risk of infecting HIV should have a regular test. Also, an effective AIDS programme should train some health professional to provide effective treatments to the patients. 7. Motivation Strategies -For the people who have not inflect HIV To prevent sexual contact Apart from abstinence, safe sex should be mutually monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected person. If you do not know your partner is affected or not, you should use the condoms from the beginning whatever which types of sexual intercourse. Using condoms can reduce the risk of infecting HIV. To protect yourself and to love your sexual partner, condoms have to use properly and consistently. To prevent blood contact For drug user: There are 4 things that they can do to prevent the blood contact. Firstly, they should avoid taking drugs and as soon as possible to seek the drug treatment and rehabilitation services. Secondly, if someone cannot avoid taking drug immediately, the injecting method of taking drugs should be adopted and they should join the methadone treatment programme. Thirdly, if the drug users cannot stop to injecting drugs, they should not share syringes and needles to other and they should use once-only syringes and needles. Lastly, if the drugs users do not have their own syringe and needles, they should use bleach to clear the syringe twice and twice with water to avoid infection. For health care workers: In the health care setting, health care workers are easier to have some blood borne diseases such as HIV through needlestick injury. If the accident occurs, to reduce the risk of infection, first-aid management is very important. Moreover, the most effective way to reduce the risk of infection is to use universal precautions to all patients, such as wearing the protective barriers and washing hand frequently. To prevent mother to infant infection For the women who are considering having a baby or have been pregnant, if they are suspected to be infected with HIV, they should talk to their doctors or the AIDS counselor and should have an HIV antibody test. Furthermore, to prevent mother-to-child transmission, there is a way to use antiretroviral drugs which can reduce the risk of the child getting infected HIV. For the people infected HIV: Have the Medical management of HIV infection Although from now on, there is no such method to root up the disease, but there is some treatment have been made of AIDS. It includes two types, one is the antiretroviral drugs adoption which can control the activities of the HIV, help to restore the immunity functions and minimize the harmful effect of the virus. The other one is to have some treatment and prophylaxis to minimize the risk of opportunistic infection. Using the above methods can improve the health of the infected people and improve their quantity of life and survival in people. Therefore, for the people infected, they should have the regular medical follow-up for monitoring of the disease, so that the health care professional can follow the cases. It can detect the complications earlier and have appropriate treatment which can improve the survival change. Control your emotion When the patients face the illness of HIV/AIDS, they must feel fear, uncertainty, guilt, anxiety, anger and depression. However, it may something worsen the situation. Therefore, they should not deny their feeling. Ventilation of feeling may help them to resolving the emotional problem. You may share your feeling and concern to someone you trust. They may also try to gain counseling support, there will be the social worker to help you. 8. Conclusion To conclude, from the above passages, we would found that the number of people getting infected HIV is remind in a high level. And the causes can separate into the biological, such as the transmission of HIV, psychological, such as the stress and eating habit and sociological causes which depend on the different countries and society. Moreover, there is some health promotion which should educate the public and provide some clinical treatment and services to them. Lastly, we have discussed the motivation strategies which design for the people have not inflected and the patient with HIV. And I believe that with the above methods, the problems of HIV/AIDS would be improved in foreseeable further.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Human Relationships-Frankenstein Essay -- Literary Analysis, Mary Shel

Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is book about the importance of human relationships and treating everyone with dignity and respect. The main character of the book is Victor Frankenstein who is a very intelligent man with a desire to create life in another being. After he completes his creation, he is horrified to find that what he has created is a monster. The monster is the ugliest, most disgusting creature that he has ever seen. Victor being sickened by his creation allows the monster to run off and become all alone in the world. Throughout Frankenstein, Mary Shelley uses the theme of human relationships to illustrate the bond that man has with other beings and the need for love and affection. The importance of human relationships is shown throughout the book in many ways. Victor’s mother says to him, â€Å"I have a pretty present for my Victor—tomorrow he shall have it†(18).Victor is very excited that he has such a precious gift that will always be his. They become very close and refer to each other as cousins. However, there is a deeper a relationship between the two, and Victor vows to always protect and take of the girl whose name is Elizabeth. Mary Shelley uses this quote to explain how special Elizabeth is to Victor and that she is gift sent to him. Victor’s mother reinforces this again when she says to Victor and Elizabeth, â€Å"My children, my firmest hopes of future happiness were placed on the prospect of your union. This expectation will now be the consolation of your father. Elizabeth, my love, you must supply my place to my younger children. Alas! I regret that I am taken from you; and, happy and beloved as I have been, is it not hard to quit you all? But these are not thoughts befitting me; I will endeavour to resign... ...e seeking help and strength to take care of problems in their lives. Victor Frankenstein is a man with a loving and caring family. Family and friends are an important part of his life. He has his whole life in front of him, when creates his monster. He creates the monster in the likeness of man with same need of love and affection as man. Although, this is his creation, he lets the monster down and does not care for him. The monster begins to feel neglected and lonely and wants desperately to have a human relationship. The monster turns angry and revengeful because he is so sad and abandoned. He wants Victor to feel the way that he does, all alone. The monster succeeds and Victor ends up losing all the important in his life and his own life. In the end, the monster dies and the need for human relationship becomes the destruction for both the monster and Victor.

Friday, October 11, 2019

The Bean Trees – Tone

Don’t Be Too Serious Let’s say that someone handed you something unexpected. It could be anything: a computer, book, even a guitar! However, what if it was something of great value? What if it was a baby that was handed to you? Odds are, you’d probably freak out and hand the baby over to the authorities or something similar to that. But not Taylor Greer in the novel The Bean Trees! The words that Barbara Kingsolver chooses to use show a tone of informality and humor. One way Kingsolver establishes an informal tone is by using long, run on sentences and everyday words.When Taylor gets a job at Tuscon after she stops traveling, she says, â€Å"I lasted six days at the Burger Derby before I got in a fight with the manager and threw my red-so-called jockey cap in the trash compactor and walked out. I would have thrown the whole uniform in there, but I didn’t feel like giving him a free show† (Kingsolver 88). In this quote, Kingsolver shows informality b y making the first sentence extremely long, and the second sentence shows humor when Taylor jokes about not wanting to give him a â€Å"free show. † Kingston also uses words that people use in everyday conversations, thus creating an even more informal tone.Another way Kingsolver shows humor is by what Taylor names the baby that is handed to her. When Taylor first meets Lou Ann, she asks, â€Å"’How do you know her name’s Turtle? ’† Taylor replies, â€Å"’I don’t. I named her that’† (Kingsolver 97). The fact that Taylor chose to name the baby â€Å"Turtle† shows humor. Taylor could have chosen any other name†¦ A name â€Å"suitable† for a baby girl. However, she chose the name â€Å"Turtle. † Turtles are sea animals, and it’s rare for someone to be named â€Å"Turtle. † Why would Taylor have chosen that particular name for the baby? Kingsolver most likely wanted to convey a light, humorous tone for herAn informal tone is created by Kingsolver when Taylor speaks. When she tells Estavan about feeling like a foreigner, she says â€Å"’Sometimes I feel like a foreigner too†¦ People don’t look the same, talk the same, nothing’† (Kingsolver 181). The first sentence is relatively normal. However, in the second sentence, Kingsolver reveals an informal tone by the way Taylor speaks. The way she talks to people is very informal. Because of this, we know that Kingston is purposely avoiding making Taylor a serious, somber character like she could’ve been. Another way that Kingsolver creates an informal tone is by the things Taylor does. I lifted Estevan’s hand from my ribcage and kissed his palm† (Kingsolver 189). This quote reveals an example of how Kingsolver establishes an informal tone through Taylor’s actions. In this particular quote, Taylor falls asleep with Estevan on a couch. When she wakes up, she thin ks about what Esperanza has been through, and makes a conscious decision to leave. Kingsolver could have simply stated, â€Å"I got off the couch and went to my own bed. † However, she chose to create a more informal tone by showing what exactly Taylor did when she was getting off the couch.In this novel, The Bean Trees, by Barbara Kingsolver, a humorous – but more informal – tone is created by the sentence structure, characters’ dialogue, and description of events. The tone was effective because it made the novel more interesting, and less dull. Also, it was easy to see that Kingsolver used lots of informality and humor in this novel, so that made the tone more noticeable. Because of the tone that Kingsolver created, the main character Taylor Greer was able to go through the negative events in her life a bit better than a more serious character would have been able to.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Music Concert Report Essay

On Wednesday May 8th I attended a steel band concert for the first time. Experiencing new music is something that I like to do, so when it was assigned to attend a concert I was pretty excited. When I attended the concert I was greeted with many surprises. Overall attending Erie Community College’s steel band concert was a great entertaining eye opening experience. Before attending the steel band concert I was not sure what to expect. When I heard the words â€Å"steel band† I thought of a band with tubas and trumpets, not of a band with Caribbean type steel drums. As soon as the band members started to play I was shocked, in a good way. I was expecting boring music not Caribbean type music that wanted to make dance. My favorite song the band played was a song by Steve Butters called â€Å"Don’t look back†. The Steve Butters song was my favorite because it was so surprising hearing that type of music played by a band here at E.C.C.. The music really reminded me of Caribbean type music because of the sound of the steel drums, it made me feel happy as if I was on a vacation. Not being exposed to this type of music made the experience so much better because it was something new and foreign. All in all the steel band concert was an entertaining and eye opening experience. In the future I would definitely like to attend another steel band concert. The vibe of the concert was a great one making it a cool place to be.

Angels Demons Chapter 80-81

80 When Langdon had left the Vatican Secret Archives only two hours ago, he had never imagined he would see them again. Now, winded from having jogged the entire way with his Swiss Guard escort, Langdon found himself back at the archives once again. His escort, the guard with the scar, now led Langdon through the rows of translucent cubicles. The silence of the archives felt somehow more forbidding now, and Langdon was thankful when the guard broke it. â€Å"Over here, I think,† he said, escorting Langdon to the back of the chamber where a series of smaller vaults lined the wall. The guard scanned the titles on the vaults and motioned to one of them. â€Å"Yes, here it is. Right where the commander said it would be.† Langdon read the title. Attivi Vaticani. Vatican assets? He scanned the list of contents. Real estate†¦ currency†¦ Vatican Bank†¦ antiquities†¦ The list went on. â€Å"Paperwork of all Vatican assets,† the guard said. Langdon looked at the cubicle. Jesus. Even in the dark, he could tell it was packed. â€Å"My commander said that whatever Bernini created while under Vatican patronage would be listed here as an asset.† Langdon nodded, realizing the commander's instincts just might pay off. In Bernini's day, everything an artist created while under the patronage of the Pope became, by law, property of the Vatican. It was more like feudalism than patronage, but top artists lived well and seldom complained. â€Å"Including works placed in churches outside Vatican City?† The soldier gave him an odd look. â€Å"Of course. All Catholic churches in Rome are property of the Vatican.† Langdon looked at the list in his hand. It contained the names of the twenty or so churches that were located on a direct line with West Ponente's breath. The third altar of science was one of them, and Langdon hoped he had time to figure out which it was. Under other circumstances, he would gladly have explored each church in person. Today, however, he had about twenty minutes to find what he was looking for – the one church containing a Bernini tribute to fire. Langdon walked to the vault's electronic revolving door. The guard did not follow. Langdon sensed an uncertain hesitation. He smiled. â€Å"The air's fine. Thin, but breathable.† â€Å"My orders are to escort you here and then return immediately to the security center.† â€Å"You're leaving?† â€Å"Yes. The Swiss Guard are not allowed inside the archives. I am breaching protocol by escorting you this far. The commander reminded me of that.† â€Å"Breaching protocol?† Do you have any idea what is going on here tonight? â€Å"Whose side is your damn commander on!† All friendliness disappeared from the guard's face. The scar under his eye twitched. The guard stared, looking suddenly a lot like Olivetti himself. â€Å"I apologize,† Langdon said, regretting the comment. â€Å"It's just†¦ I could use some help.† The guard did not blink. â€Å"I am trained to follow orders. Not debate them. When you find what you are looking for, contact the commander immediately.† Langdon was flustered. â€Å"But where will he be?† The guard removed his walkie-talkie and set it on a nearby table. â€Å"Channel one.† Then he disappeared into the dark. 81 The television in the Office of the Pope was an oversized Hitachi hidden in a recessed cabinet opposite his desk. The doors to the cabinet were now open, and everyone gathered around. Vittoria moved in close. As the screen warmed up, a young female reporter came into view. She was a doe-eyed brunette. â€Å"For MSNBC news,† she announced, â€Å"this is Kelly Horan-Jones, live from Vatican City.† The image behind her was a night shot of St. Peter's Basilica with all its lights blazing. â€Å"You're not live,† Rocher snapped. â€Å"That's stock footage! The lights in the basilica are out.† Olivetti silenced him with a hiss. The reporter continued, sounding tense. â€Å"Shocking developments in the Vatican elections this evening. We have reports that two members of the College of Cardinals have been brutally murdered in Rome.† Olivetti swore under his breath. As the reporter continued, a guard appeared at the door, breathless. â€Å"Commander, the central switchboard reports every line lit. They're requesting our official position on – â€Å" â€Å"Disconnect it,† Olivetti said, never taking his eyes from the TV. The guard looked uncertain. â€Å"But, commander – â€Å" â€Å"Go!† The guard ran off. Vittoria sensed the camerlegno had wanted to say something but had stopped himself. Instead, the man stared long and hard at Olivetti before turning back to the television. MSNBC was now running tape. The Swiss Guards carried the body of Cardinal Ebner down the stairs outside Santa Maria del Popolo and lifted him into an Alpha Romeo. The tape froze and zoomed in as the cardinal's naked body became visible just before they deposited him in the trunk of the car. â€Å"Who the hell shot this footage?† Olivetti demanded. The MSNBC reporter kept talking. â€Å"This is believed to be the body of Cardinal Ebner of Frankfurt, Germany. The men removing his body from the church are believed to be Vatican Swiss Guard.† The reporter looked like she was making every effort to appear appropriately moved. They closed in on her face, and she became even more somber. â€Å"At this time, MSNBC would like to issue our viewers a discretionary warning. The images we are about to show are exceptionally vivid and may not be suitable for all audiences.† Vittoria grunted at the station's feigned concern for viewer sensibility, recognizing the warning as exactly what it was – the ultimate media â€Å"teaser line.† Nobody ever changed channels after a promise like that. The reporter drove it home. â€Å"Again, this footage may be shocking to some viewers.† â€Å"What footage?† Olivetti demanded. â€Å"You just showed – â€Å" The shot that filled the screen was of a couple in St. Peter's Square, moving through the crowd. Vittoria instantly recognized the two people as Robert and herself. In the corner of the screen was a text overlay: Courtesy of the BBC. A bell was tolling. â€Å"Oh, no,† Vittoria said aloud. â€Å"Oh†¦ no.† The camerlegno looked confused. He turned to Olivetti. â€Å"I thought you said you confiscated this tape!† Suddenly, on television, a child was screaming. The image panned to find a little girl pointing at what appeared to be a bloody homeless man. Robert Langdon entered abruptly into the frame, trying to help the little girl. The shot tightened. Everyone in the Pope's office stared in horrified silence as the drama unfolded before them. The cardinal's body fell face first onto the pavement. Vittoria appeared and called orders. There was blood. A brand. A ghastly, failed attempt to administer CPR. â€Å"This astonishing footage,† the reporter was saying, â€Å"was shot only minutes ago outside the Vatican. Our sources tell us this is the body of Cardinal Lamasse from France. How he came to be dressed this way and why he was not in conclave remain a mystery. So far, the Vatican has refused to comment.† The tape began to roll again. â€Å"Refused comment?† Rocher said. â€Å"Give us a damn minute!† The reporter was still talking, her eyebrows furrowing with intensity. â€Å"Although MSNBC has yet to confirm a motive for the attack, our sources tell us that responsibility for the murders has been claimed by a group calling themselves the Illuminati.† Olivetti exploded. â€Å"What!† â€Å"†¦ find out more about the Illuminati by visiting our website at – â€Å" â€Å"Non e posibile!† Olivetti declared. He switched channels. This station had a Hispanic male reporter. † – a satanic cult known as the Illuminati, who some historians believe – â€Å" Olivetti began pressing the remote wildly. Every channel was in the middle of a live update. Most were in English. † – Swiss Guards removing a body from a church earlier this evening. The body is believed to be that of Cardinal – â€Å" † – lights in the basilica and museums are extinguished leaving speculation – â€Å" † – will be speaking with conspiracy theorist Tyler Tingley, about this shocking resurgence – â€Å" † – rumors of two more assassinations planned for later this evening – â€Å" † – questioning now whether papal hopeful Cardinal Baggia is among the missing – â€Å" Vittoria turned away. Everything was happening so fast. Outside the window, in the settling dark, the raw magnetism of human tragedy seemed to be sucking people toward Vatican City. The crowd in the square thickened almost by the instant. Pedestrians streamed toward them while a new batch of media personnel unloaded vans and staked their claim in St. Peter's Square. Olivetti set down the remote control and turned to the camerlegno. â€Å"Signore, I cannot imagine how this could happen. We took the tape that was in that camera!† The camerlegno looked momentarily too stunned to speak. Nobody said a word. The Swiss Guards stood rigid at attention. â€Å"It appears,† the camerlegno said finally, sounding too devastated to be angry, â€Å"that we have not contained this crisis as well as I was led to believe.† He looked out the window at the gathering masses. â€Å"I need to make an address.† Olivetti shook his head. â€Å"No, signore. That is exactly what the Illuminati want you to do – confirm them, empower them. We must remain silent.† â€Å"And these people?† The camerlegno pointed out the window. â€Å"There will be tens of thousands shortly. Then hundreds of thousands. Continuing this charade only puts them in danger. I need to warn them. Then we need to evacuate our College of Cardinals.† â€Å"There is still time. Let Captain Rocher find the antimatter.† The camerlegno turned. â€Å"Are you attempting to give me an order?† â€Å"No, I am giving you advice. If you are concerned about the people outside, we can announce a gas leak and clear the area, but admitting we are hostage is dangerous.† â€Å"Commander, I will only say this once. I will not use this office as a pulpit to lie to the world. If I announce anything at all, it will be the truth.† â€Å"The truth? That Vatican City is threatened to be destroyed by satanic terrorists? It only weakens our position.† The camerlegno glared. â€Å"How much weaker could our position be?† Rocher shouted suddenly, grabbing the remote and increasing the volume on the television. Everyone turned. On air, the woman from MSNBC now looked genuinely unnerved. Superimposed beside her was a photo of the late Pope. â€Å"†¦ breaking information. This just in from the BBC†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She glanced off camera as if to confirm she was really supposed to make this announcement. Apparently getting confirmation, she turned and grimly faced the viewers. â€Å"The Illuminati have just claimed responsibility for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She hesitated. â€Å"They have claimed responsibility for the death of the Pope fifteen days ago.† The camerlegno's jaw fell. Rocher dropped the remote control. Vittoria could barely process the information. â€Å"By Vatican law,† the woman continued, â€Å"no formal autopsy is ever performed on a Pope, so the Illuminati claim of murder cannot be confirmed. Nonetheless, the Illuminati hold that the cause of the late Pope's death was not a stroke as the Vatican reported, but poisoning.† The room went totally silent again. Olivetti erupted. â€Å"Madness! A bold-faced lie!† Rocher began flipping channels again. The bulletin seemed to spread like a plague from station to station. Everyone had the same story. Headlines competed for optimal sensationalism. Murder at the Vatican Pope Poisoned Satan Touches House of God The camerlegno looked away. â€Å"God help us.† As Rocher flipped, he passed a BBC station. † – tipped me off about the killing at Santa Maria de Popolo – â€Å" â€Å"Wait!† the camerlegno said. â€Å"Back.† Rocher went back. On screen, a prim-looking man sat at a BBC news desk. Superimposed over his shoulder was a still snapshot of an odd-looking man with a red beard. Underneath his photo, it said: Gunther Glick – Live in Vatican City Reporter Glick was apparently reporting by phone, the connection scratchy. â€Å"†¦ my videographer got the footage of the cardinal being removed from the Chigi Chapel.† â€Å"Let me reiterate for our viewers,† the anchorman in London was saying, â€Å"BBC reporter Gunther Glick is the man who first broke this story. He has been in phone contact twice now with the alleged Illuminati assassin. Gunther, you say the assassin phoned only moments ago to pass along a message from the Illuminati?† â€Å"He did.† â€Å"And their message was that the Illuminati were somehow responsible for the Pope's death?† The anchorman sounded incredulous. â€Å"Correct. The caller told me that the Pope's death was not a stroke, as the Vatican had thought, but rather that the Pope had been poisoned by the Illuminati.† Everyone in the Pope's office froze. â€Å"Poisoned?† the anchorman demanded. â€Å"But†¦ but how!† â€Å"They gave no specifics,† Glick replied, â€Å"except to say that they killed him with a drug known as†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – there was a rustling of papers on the line – â€Å"something known as Heparin.† The camerlegno, Olivetti, and Rocher all exchanged confused looks. â€Å"Heparin?† Rocher demanded, looking unnerved. â€Å"But isn't that†¦?† The camerlegno blanched. â€Å"The Pope's medication.† Vittoria was stunned. â€Å"The Pope was on Heparin?† â€Å"He had thrombophlebitis,† the camerlegno said. â€Å"He took an injection once a day.† Rocher looked flabbergasted. â€Å"But Heparin isn't a poison. Why would the Illuminati claim – â€Å" â€Å"Heparin is lethal in the wrong dosages,† Vittoria offered. â€Å"It's a powerful anticoagulant. An overdose would cause massive internal bleeding and brain hemorrhages.† Olivetti eyed her suspiciously. â€Å"How would you know that?† â€Å"Marine biologists use it on sea mammals in captivity to prevent blood clotting from decreased activity. Animals have died from improper administration of the drug.† She paused. â€Å"A Heparin overdose in a human would cause symptoms easily mistaken for a stroke†¦ especially in the absence of a proper autopsy.† The camerlegno now looked deeply troubled. â€Å"Signore,† Olivetti said, â€Å"this is obviously an Illuminati ploy for publicity. Someone overdosing the Pope would be impossible. Nobody had access. And even if we take the bait and try to refute their claim, how could we? Papal law prohibits autopsy. Even with an autopsy, we would learn nothing. We would find traces of Heparin in his body from his daily injections.† â€Å"True.† The camerlegno's voice sharpened. â€Å"And yet something else troubles me. No one on the outside knew His Holiness was taking this medication.† There was a silence. â€Å"If he overdosed with Heparin,† Vittoria said, â€Å"his body would show signs.† Olivetti spun toward her. â€Å"Ms. Vetra, in case you didn't hear me, papal autopsies are prohibited by Vatican Law. We are not about to defile His Holiness's body by cutting him open just because an enemy makes a taunting claim!† Vittoria felt shamed. â€Å"I was not implying†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She had not meant to seem disrespectful. â€Å"I certainly was not suggesting you exhume the Pope†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She hesitated, though. Something Robert told her in the Chigi passed like a ghost through her mind. He had mentioned that papal sarcophagi were above ground and never cemented shut, a throwback to the days of the pharaohs when sealing and burying a casket was believed to trap the deceased's soul inside. Gravity had become the mortar of choice, with coffin lids often weighing hundreds of pounds. Technically, she realized, it would be possible to – â€Å"What sort of signs?† the camerlegno said suddenly. Vittoria felt her heart flutter with fear. â€Å"Overdoses can cause bleeding of the oral mucosa.† â€Å"Oral what?† â€Å"The victim's gums would bleed. Post mortem, the blood congeals and turns the inside of the mouth black.† Vittoria had once seen a photo taken at an aquarium in London where a pair of killer whales had been mistakenly overdosed by their trainer. The whales floated lifeless in the tank, their mouths hanging open and their tongues black as soot. The camerlegno made no reply. He turned and stared out the window. Rocher's voice had lost its optimism. â€Å"Signore, if this claim about poisoning is true†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It's not true,† Olivetti declared. â€Å"Access to the Pope by an outsider is utterly impossible.† â€Å"If this claim is true,† Rocher repeated, â€Å"and our Holy Father was poisoned, then that has profound implications for our antimatter search. The alleged assassination implies a much deeper infiltration of Vatican City than we had imagined. Searching the white zones may be inadequate. If we are compromised to such a deep extent, we may not find the canister in time.† Olivetti leveled his captain with a cold stare. â€Å"Captain, I will tell you what is going to happen.† â€Å"No,† the camerlegno said, turning suddenly. â€Å"I will tell you what is going to happen.† He looked directly at Olivetti. â€Å"This has gone far enough. In twenty minutes I will be making a decision whether or not to cancel conclave and evacuate Vatican City. My decision will be final. Is that clear?† Olivetti did not blink. Nor did he respond. The camerlegno spoke forcefully now, as though tapping a hidden reserve of power. â€Å"Captain Rocher, you will complete your search of the white zones and report directly to me when you are finished.† Rocher nodded, throwing Olivetti an uneasy glance. The camerlegno then singled out two guards. â€Å"I want the BBC reporter, Mr. Glick, in this office immediately. If the Illuminati have been communicating with him, he may be able to help us. Go.† The two soldiers disappeared. Now the camerlegno turned and addressed the remaining guards. â€Å"Gentlemen, I will not permit any more loss of life this evening. By ten o'clock you will locate the remaining two cardinals and capture the monster responsible for these murders. Do I make myself understood?† â€Å"But, signore,† Olivetti argued, â€Å"we have no idea where – â€Å" â€Å"Mr. Langdon is working on that. He seems capable. I have faith.† With that, the camerlegno strode for the door, a new determination in his step. On his way out, he pointed to three guards. â€Å"You three, come with me. Now.† The guards followed. In the doorway, the camerlegno stopped. He turned to Vittoria. â€Å"Ms. Vetra. You too. Please come with me.† Vittoria hesitated. â€Å"Where are we going?† He headed out the door. â€Å"To see an old friend.†